Are you a learner permit holder exploring the possibility of buying your own car? If so, you’ve come to the right place!
In this blog post, we will delve into the intriguing question of whether a learner permit can indeed buy a car. Many individuals find themselves in a conundrum when it comes to this topic, unsure if they have the legal right or financial means to make such a purchase. Join us as we address the important factors and considerations involved in this process, helping you navigate through the complexities and make an informed decision.
Whether you’re a learner permit holder yourself or just curious about the topic, stay tuned to unveil the truth behind “Can Learner Permit Buy A Car”.
Can Learner Permit Buy A Car
The topic of whether a learner permit holder can buy a car is an intriguing one. Many individuals in the process of obtaining their driver’s license may be curious about their ability to purchase a vehicle with only a learner permit.
This article will explore the various factors to consider when deciding whether to buy a car with a learner permit. It will outline the restrictions and regulations that apply to learner permit holders, the potential challenges they may face in purchasing a car, and any additional considerations that should be taken into account. By the end, readers will have a well-rounded understanding of the topic and be able to make an informed decision regarding buying a car with a learner permit.
What is a Learner Permit?
A learner permit, also known as a learner’s license or provisional license, is a type of permit that allows individuals to practice driving under certain restrictions. These restrictions typically include having a licensed adult in the car and requiring specific hours for driving practice. A learner permit is often the first step for teenagers or new drivers to gain experience behind the wheel before obtaining a full driver’s license.
Some people may wonder if it is possible for someone with a learner permit to buy a car. After all, being able to own a car can provide more convenience and flexibility for practice sessions.
So, let’s explore whether a learner permit holder can indeed purchase a vehicle.
Definition and purpose of a learner permit
A learner permit, also known as a learner’s license or provisional license, is a type of permit that allows individuals to practice driving under certain restrictions. These restrictions typically include having a licensed adult in the car and requiring specific hours for driving practice.
A learner permit is often the first step for teenagers or new drivers to gain experience behind the wheel before obtaining a full driver’s license. Some people may wonder if it is possible for someone with a learner permit to buy a car. After all, being able to own a car can provide more convenience and flexibility for practice sessions.
So, let’s explore whether a learner permit holder can indeed purchase a vehicle.
Requirements to obtain a learner permit
In order to obtain a learner permit, individuals must meet certain requirements set by their state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency. These requirements may vary depending on the specific state, but typically include being a minimum age (usually 15 or 16 years old), completing a driver’s education course, passing a written knowledge test, and providing necessary identification documents.
Once these requirements are met, the individual can receive their learner permit and begin practicing driving.
Limitations and restrictions of a learner permit
While having a learner permit allows individuals to practice driving, there are typically several limitations and restrictions that come with it. For example, learner permit holders must always be accompanied by a licensed adult who is at least 21 years old and has a valid driver’s license. There may also be restrictions on the times of day that a learner permit holder can drive, as well as limitations on the number of passengers they can have in the car.
Furthermore, learner permit holders are not usually allowed to drive on certain roads, such as highways or freeways. It’s important for individuals with a learner permit to familiarize themselves with the specific restrictions and limitations set by their state’s DMV in order to ensure they are driving legally and safely.
Purchasing a car with a learner permit
While it’s possible to purchase a car with a learner permit, it may be difficult to find insurance coverage. Insurance companies often require a driver’s license in order to provide coverage, so learner permit holders may need to have a licensed adult insured on the policy as the primary driver. Additionally, some car dealerships may have their own policies regarding selling vehicles to individuals with only a learner permit, so it’s important to check with the dealership beforehand.
In conclusion, while a learner permit allows individuals to practice driving, there are restrictions and limitations that come with it. It may be possible to purchase a car with a learner permit, but it may require additional steps and considerations.
It’s important for individuals to understand and follow the specific requirements and regulations set by their state’s DMV in order to legally and safely drive with a learner permit.
Can a Person with a Learner Permit Buy a Car?
Can a Person with a Learner Permit Buy a Car?
While it’s possible to purchase a car with a learner permit, there are several limitations and restrictions that individuals need to be aware of.Learner permit holders must always have a licensed adult accompanying them, be familiar with specific driving restrictions, and obey the laws set by their state’s DMV. Additionally, finding insurance coverage may be challenging as most insurance companies require a driver’s license. Some car dealerships may also have their own policies regarding selling vehicles to learners.
Therefore, while buying a car with a learner permit is possible, it may require additional steps and considerations.
Legal age to purchase a car
The legal age to purchase a car varies by state, but generally, individuals must be at least 18 years old to sign a contract. This means that even if someone has a learner permit, they may not be able to legally purchase a car on their own. They will likely need a co-signer or a licensed adult to complete the transaction.
The co-signer or licensed adult will be responsible for the financial aspects of the purchase.
Insurance for learner permit holders
Finding insurance coverage for a car purchased with a learner permit can be challenging.Most insurance companies require the driver to have a valid driver’s license. However, there are insurance companies that specialize in providing coverage for learner permit holders. It’s important to shop around and compare different insurance options to find the best coverage at an affordable price.
Dealership policies
Some car dealerships may have their own policies regarding selling vehicles to individuals with learner permits. They may require a licensed adult to co-sign the purchase or have other specific requirements.It’s advisable to contact the dealership beforehand to inquire about their policies and ensure a smooth purchasing process. In conclusion, while it is possible for a person with a learner permit to buy a car, there are several limitations and considerations to keep in mind.
It’s important to be aware of driving restrictions and follow the laws set by the state’s DMV. Finding insurance coverage can be challenging, and dealership policies may also play a role. By being prepared and informed, individuals can navigate the process and purchase a car with a learner permit.
Financial considerations for purchasing a car
When considering purchasing a car with a learner permit, there are important financial considerations to keep in mind. Firstly, individuals should be aware that purchasing a car is a significant financial commitment.
They need to consider the costs of the car itself, as well as ongoing expenses such as insurance, fuel, maintenance, and registration fees. Additionally, since most individuals with a learner permit are under the age of 18, they may not have an established credit history or a steady source of income. This can make it difficult to secure a loan or finance a car purchase on their own.
In this case, a co-signer or a licensed adult may be necessary to help navigate the financial aspects of the purchase. The co-signer agrees to take on the responsibility for the loan if the primary borrower defaults.
They should have a good credit history and be willing to assume the financial risk associated with the purchase. It’s also important to budget carefully and consider the affordability of the car and associated expenses. Individuals should calculate their monthly income and expenses to determine if they can comfortably manage the financial obligations of owning a car.
By being mindful of these financial considerations, individuals can make informed decisions about whether purchasing a car with a learner permit is feasible for them. It’s always recommended to consult with a financial advisor or trusted adult before making any major financial decisions.
Insurance requirements for a car purchase
Insurance requirements for a car purchase
When considering purchasing a car with a learner permit, it’s important to understand the insurance requirements. In most states, it is mandatory to have car insurance in order to drive legally on the road.
However, insurance companies may have specific requirements for individuals with a learner permit.
Generally, insurance companies consider learners permit holders to be new and inexperienced drivers. This may result in higher insurance premiums compared to more experienced drivers.
Insurance companies take into account factors such as age, driving history, and type of vehicle when determining insurance costs.
It is advisable for individuals with a learner permit to shop around and compare different insurance quotes to find the best coverage options and prices.
They can also explore options such as being added as a named driver on a parent’s or guardian’s insurance policy, as this may be more affordable.
Overall, it’s crucial to have proper car insurance to protect oneself and others on the road. Understanding the insurance requirements and seeking the right coverage can help learners permit holders make informed decisions when purchasing a car.
Process of buying a car with a learner permit
When it comes to buying a car with a learner permit, the process may vary depending on the state and dealership policies. In general, most dealerships will allow individuals with a learner permit to purchase a car. However, there may be certain limitations or requirements that need to be met.
Firstly, it is important to check with the specific dealership to understand their policies regarding purchasing a car with a learner permit. Some dealerships may require a co-signer or proof of insurance before selling a car to someone with a learner permit.
Additionally, individuals with a learner permit may need to provide documentation such as identification, proof of address, and proof of income to complete the purchase process. Furthermore, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the financial implications of buying a car with a learner permit. This includes considering the cost of insurance, maintenance, and monthly payments if financing the vehicle.
Overall, while purchasing a car with a learner permit is possible, it is important to research and understand the specific requirements and limitations set by the dealership and comply with all legal and insurance requirements.
Factors to Consider Before Buying a Car with a Learner Permit
Factors to Consider Before Buying a Car with a Learner Permit
Before purchasing a car with a learner permit, there are several factors that should be taken into consideration.
Firstly, it is important to assess your driving abilities and experience.
As a new driver, it is crucial to choose a vehicle that is easy to handle and maneuver. Consider factors such as the size of the car, the visibility it provides, and the ease of parking. It is also advisable to choose a car with safety features such as airbags and stability control.
Secondly, it is essential to consider the cost of owning a car. In addition to the purchase price, you will need to factor in expenses such as insurance, fuel, maintenance, and registration fees. It is important to determine whether your budget can accommodate these ongoing costs.
Finally, it is advisable to research and compare different car models and prices. Consider factors such as fuel efficiency, reliability, and the availability of spare parts.
It is also a good idea to read reviews and seek recommendations from friends or family who have experience with cars.
Overall, buying a car with a learner permit can be an exciting venture, but it is important to make an informed decision taking into account factors such as your driving abilities, budget, and the specific requirements of purchasing a car with a learner permit.
Ability to drive and handle a car safely
Before a learner permit holder decides to buy a car, they should assess their driving abilities and experience. As a new driver, it is crucial to choose a vehicle that is easy to handle and maneuver.
Factors such as the size of the car, visibility it provides, and ease of parking should be taken into consideration. Safety features like airbags and stability control are also important to consider.
Affordability of carrelated expenses
Another important factor to consider when determining if a learner permit holder can buy a car is the affordability of car-related expenses. Owning a car involves much more than just the initial purchase price.
There are ongoing costs such as insurance, fuel, and maintenance that need to be budgeted for. Additionally, if the learner permit holder is planning on financing the car, they must also consider monthly loan payments.
It is important to have a realistic understanding of these expenses and ensure that they can be comfortably handled before making the decision to buy a car.
Rules and regulations for learner permit holders
It is essential to be aware of the rules and regulations set forth by the licensing authority for learner permit holders. These restrictions may vary depending on the jurisdiction, but they generally include limitations on when and where the driver can operate a vehicle.
Some common restrictions include limited hours of driving, the presence of a licensed adult in the car, and restrictions on the number of passengers.
It is important to understand and comply with these restrictions to ensure both legal and safe driving practices.
Consideration of alternative transportation options
Lastly, before purchasing a car, a learner permit holder should consider alternative transportation options.
Depending on their location and accessibility to public transportation, it may be more cost-effective and practical to rely on buses, trains, or ridesharing services.
By considering alternative transportation options, a learner permit holder can weigh the pros and cons of purchasing a car and make an informed decision that suits their individual circumstances and needs.
Access to driving training programs
One factor to consider when determining if a learner permit holder can buy a car is their access to driving training programs. These programs can provide valuable education and practice for new drivers, helping them become more confident and competent behind the wheel.
Additionally, some insurance companies offer discounts for completing recognized driving training programs. Therefore, it is beneficial for a learner permit holder to take advantage of these programs before buying a car. This will not only improve their driving skills but also potentially save them money on insurance premiums.
Longterm goals and plans for car ownership
Another important factor to consider is the learner permit holder’s long-term goals and plans for car ownership. Are they planning to transition to a full driver’s license in the near future? If so, buying a car may be a worthwhile investment.
However, if they do not plan on obtaining a full license anytime soon, it may not make financial sense to purchase a car. Insurance rates for learner permit holders are typically higher than for licensed drivers, and there may be restrictions on the types of vehicles they can drive.
In this case, it may be more practical to continue using alternative transportation options until they are ready to obtain a full license.
Financial stability and responsibility
Another important consideration is the learner permit holder’s financial stability and responsibility. Can they afford the costs associated with buying a car, such as the purchase price, insurance, gas, maintenance, and parking?
Furthermore, it is crucial to ensure that the learner permit holder is responsible enough to handle the responsibilities of car ownership, such as proper maintenance, following traffic laws, and avoiding distractions while driving. Car ownership comes with financial and legal obligations, so it is important for the learner permit holder to be prepared for these responsibilities before making a purchase.
Parental support and guidance
Lastly, parental support and guidance play a significant role in determining if a learner permit holder can buy a car. Parents can provide valuable insight and advice when it comes to making such a significant decision.
They can help the learner permit holder weigh the pros and cons, assess their readiness for car ownership, and provide financial assistance if necessary.
Parents can also play a vital role in ensuring that the learner permit holder is practicing safe and responsible driving habits. By involving parents in the decision-making process, the chances of making a well-informed and responsible choice are significantly increased.
In conclusion
While it is possible for a learner permit holder to buy a car, several factors need to be considered before making such a decision. Access to driving training programs, long-term goals and plans, financial stability and responsibility, and parental support and guidance all play important roles in determining if buying a car is the right choice for a learner permit holder. By considering these factors carefully, the learner permit holder can make a well-informed and responsible decision about car ownership.
Alternative Options for Learner Permit Holders in Need of Transportation
Longterm goals and plans for car ownership
When considering whether a learner permit holder can buy a car, it’s important to evaluate their long-term goals and plans for car ownership. Are they planning to transition to a full driver’s license soon? If so, buying a car may be a worthwhile investment.
However, if obtaining a full license is not on the horizon, it may not make financial sense to purchase a car. Insurance rates for learner permit holders are typically higher, and there may be restrictions on the types of vehicles they can drive.
In this case, it may be more practical to continue using alternative transportation options until they are ready for a full license.
Financial stability and responsibility
Financial stability and responsibility are crucial factors to consider before a learner permit holder buys a car.
Can they afford the costs associated with car ownership, such as the purchase price, insurance, gas, maintenance, and parking? Additionally, it’s important to ensure that the learner permit holder has the responsibility to handle the obligations that come with car ownership, such as proper maintenance, following traffic laws, and avoiding distractions while driving. Before making a purchase, the learner permit holder should be prepared for these responsibilities.
Parental support and guidance
Parental support and guidance play a significant role in determining if a learner permit holder can buy a car. Parents can provide valuable insight, weighing the pros and cons, assessing readiness for car ownership, and offering financial assistance if necessary.
Parents also play a vital role in ensuring that the learner permit holder practices safe and responsible driving habits. By involving parents in the decision-making process, the chances of making a well-informed and responsible choice are significantly increased.
In conclusion
While it is possible for a learner permit holder to buy a car, it’s essential to consider various factors before making a decision.
Access to driving training programs, long-term goals and plans, financial stability and responsibility, and parental support and guidance are all key considerations. By taking these factors into account, the learner permit holder can make a well-informed and responsible choice about car ownership. However, if buying a car is not practical at the moment, alternative transportation options can still meet their needs while they work towards obtaining a full driver’s license.
Alternative Options for Learner Permit Holders in Need of Transportation
For learner permit holders who need transportation but are not ready to buy a car, there are alternative options available. Public transportation, such as buses or trains, can be a cost-effective and convenient choice for getting around. Carpooling with friends or family members who have a valid driver’s license may also be an option. Additionally, ride-sharing services or taxi companies can provide on-demand transportation when needed. By exploring these alternatives, learner permit holders can still meet their transportation needs while working towards becoming fully licensed drivers.
Public transportation options
Public transportation options, such as buses or trains, are a cost-effective and convenient choice for learner permit holders who need transportation but are not ready to buy a car. Public transportation allows for easy access to various destinations without the added costs of car ownership, such as insurance, gas, and maintenance. It can also provide an opportunity for the learner permit holder to become familiar with navigating different routes and schedules, improving their overall understanding of transportation systems.
Additionally, using public transportation can be a more sustainable option, reducing pollution and traffic congestion.
Ridesharing services
Ridesharing services, such as Uber or Lyft, can be a viable transportation option for learner permit holders. These services provide a convenient and flexible way to get around without owning a car.
With just a few taps on a smartphone, learners can quickly and easily request a ride and be transported to their desired destination. Ridesharing services also offer the added benefit of having a professional driver who is familiar with the local roads and can provide a safe and comfortable journey. However, it’s important to consider the costs of using ridesharing services, as they can add up over time.
Carsharing programs
Carsharing programs can also be a great option for learner permit holders. These programs allow individuals to rent a car for a short period of time, perfect for running errands or going on a road trip.
Carsharing companies typically have a variety of vehicles to choose from, ranging from compact cars to SUVs, making it easy to find a car that suits your needs. Additionally, carsharing programs often include insurance coverage and roadside assistance, providing peace of mind while on the road. However, it’s important to note that some carsharing companies may have age restrictions for drivers, so it’s important to check the eligibility requirements before signing up.
Borrowing or sharing a car with a licensed driver
Borrowing or sharing a car with a licensed driver is another option for learner permit holders looking to buy a car. This can be a cost-effective solution, as you can split the expenses with the owner of the car.
It also allows you to gain more experience behind the wheel with the guidance of an experienced driver. However, it’s essential to have a clear agreement with the car owner, including guidelines on usage, responsibilities, and insurance coverage. This option may not be suitable for everyone, as it relies on finding someone willing to share their car with you.
Nonetheless, this can be a practical and temporary solution for learner permit holders who are not yet ready to purchase their own car.
Pros and Cons of Buying a Car with a Learner Permit
Buying a car with a learner permit has its pros and cons. On one hand, it can provide you with transportation independence and convenience.
You can practice driving skills and gain more experience on the road. Having your own car also means you can go wherever you want, whenever you want.
On the other hand, there are some drawbacks to consider.
Firstly, there may be restrictions on the type of car you can buy. Depending on your local regulations, you may be limited to certain vehicle types or engine sizes. This could potentially limit your options and affordability.
Additionally, insurance costs for new drivers can be high. As a learner permit holder, you may be seen as a higher risk by insurance companies, resulting in higher premiums.
It’s important to factor in these expenses when considering buying a car.
Furthermore, if you are still learning to drive, it’s essential to ensure that you have a knowledgeable and experienced licensed driver to accompany you whenever you’re behind the wheel. This is not only a legal requirement in many places, but it’s also crucial for your safety and the safety of others on the road.
Overall, buying a car with a learner permit can be a viable option for some individuals. However, it’s essential to consider the potential limitations, costs, and safety measures associated with it.
It may be worth exploring other options, such as borrowing or sharing a car with a licensed driver, until you are fully ready to own a car yourself.
Advantages of owning a car with a learner permit
– Transportation independence and convenience- Opportunity to practice driving skills and gain experience- Ability to go wherever and whenever you want
Disadvantages of owning a car with a learner permit
– Restrictions on the type of car you can buy- Potentially higher insurance costs- Need for a licensed driver to accompany you at all timesConsiderations before buying a car with a learner permit
– Evaluate the limitations, costs, and safety measures involved- Explore alternative options like borrowing or sharing a car with a licensed driver- Ensure you are fully ready to own a car yourself before making the decisionDisadvantages and challenges of owning a car with a learner permit
– Inability to drive alone and limited driving hours may restrict your mobility and independence- Potential higher costs for insurance and maintenance, as learner drivers are considered higher risk by insurance providers- Limited experience and knowledge may make it challenging to handle unexpected situations on the road
Benefits of owning a car with a learner permit
– Opportunity to practice driving and gain valuable experience before obtaining a full license- Flexibility to practice driving skills in your own car, which can improve your confidence and competence as a driver- Convenience and convenience of having your own mode of transportation, especially for daily activities and commutingConsiderations before purchasing a car with a learner permit
– Familiarize yourself with the restrictions and requirements of your learner permit in relation to car ownership- Assess the financial implications, including insurance costs, maintenance, and fuel expenses- Explore alternative options, such as car-sharing or borrowing a car from a licensed driver, before committing to purchasing your own vehicleRisks and implications of car ownership for new drivers
– Inability to drive alone and limited driving hours may restrict your mobility and independence- Potential higher costs for insurance and maintenance, as learner drivers are considered higher risk by insurance providers- Limited experience and knowledge may make it challenging to handle unexpected situations on the roadWhile owning a car with a learner permit can provide certain benefits, such as the opportunity to practice driving and gain valuable experience before obtaining a full license, there are also several disadvantages and challenges to consider. One of the main drawbacks is the restriction on driving alone and limited driving hours.
This can significantly restrict your mobility and independence, especially if you rely on the car for daily activities and commuting. Additionally, insurance costs and maintenance expenses are usually higher for learner drivers, as they are perceived as higher risk by insurance providers. This can place a financial burden on new drivers.
Moreover, limited experience and knowledge may make it challenging to handle unexpected situations on the road, posing a potential risk to both the learner driver and other road users. It is important for those considering purchasing a car with a learner permit to weigh the pros and cons before making a decision.
Considerations for learner permit holders in different situations (e.g., rural areas, college students)
When considering buying a car with a learner permit, it is important to take into account the specific situation and circumstances of the learner driver. For individuals living in rural areas, owning a car can provide much-needed convenience and accessibility, as public transportation options are often limited.
However, it is crucial to consider the additional costs associated with car ownership, such as fuel, insurance, and maintenance expenses. College students may also see benefits in owning a car with a learner permit, especially if they need to commute to campus or have commitments outside of school. However, it is important to consider the availability of parking space and the potential impact on the student’s budget.
In any situation, it is essential to assess the learner driver’s readiness and ability to handle the responsibilities of car ownership. This includes being able to navigate traffic and unfamiliar routes, as well as understanding and obeying traffic laws.
Overall, while learner drivers can buy a car with a learner permit, it is important to carefully evaluate the risks and implications before making a decision. Considering factors such as driving restrictions, higher insurance costs, and limited experience can help new drivers make an informed choice.
Recap of key points discussed
When considering buying a car with a learner permit, it is important to take into account the specific situation and circumstances of the learner driver. For individuals living in rural areas, owning a car can provide much-needed convenience and accessibility. However, it is crucial to consider the additional costs associated with car ownership.
College students may also see benefits in owning a car with a learner permit, especially if they need to commute to campus or have commitments outside of school. However, it is important to consider the availability of parking space and the potential impact on the student’s budget.
In any situation, it is essential to assess the learner driver’s readiness and ability to handle the responsibilities of car ownership. This includes being able to navigate traffic and unfamiliar routes, as well as understanding and obeying traffic laws.
Overall, while learner drivers can buy a car with a learner permit, it is important to carefully evaluate the risks and implications before making a decision. Considering factors such as driving restrictions, higher insurance costs, and limited experience can help new drivers make an informed choice.
Final thoughts on whether a learner permit holder should buy a car or explore alternative transportation options
In conclusion, the decision to buy a car with a learner permit ultimately depends on the individual’s circumstances and needs. While owning a car can provide convenience and accessibility, it is crucial to consider the additional costs and responsibilities that come with car ownership.
Factors such as location, parking availability, and financial implications should be carefully evaluated. Ultimately, learner drivers should assess their readiness and ability to handle the responsibilities of owning a car and consider alternative transportation options if necessary.
Conclusion of Can Learner Permit Buy A Car
If you have a learner’s permit, you might be wondering if you can buy a car. The answer is generally yes, as long as you meet certain requirements and have the necessary documents.
However, laws and regulations may vary from state to state, so it’s important to do some research and understand the specific rules in your area. Overall, having a learner’s permit shouldn’t necessarily prevent you from purchasing a car, but it’s essential to follow the applicable laws and guidelines.
FAQ’s of Can Learner Permit Buy A Car
Can you register a car without a license in NY?
No, you cannot register a car without a license in New York. A valid driver’s license is required to register a vehicle in the state.
How much is NY car registration?
The cost of NY car registration depends on various factors such as the weight of the vehicle, type of vehicle, and the length of validity. Generally, the registration fee can range from $26 to $140 or more. It is recommended to check the official website of the New York Department of Motor Vehicles or contact them directly for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding car registration fees.
Can you buy a car with a learner’s permit in Texas?
No, you cannot buy a car with just a learner’s permit in Texas. In order to purchase a car, you typically need a valid driver’s license. A learner’s permit is a temporary license that only allows individuals to practice driving under supervision.
Can I register and transfer plates online in NY?
Yes, you can register and transfer plates online in NY through the DMV website.
How much does it cost to register a car in NY?
The cost of registering a car in New York varies depending on several factors such as the weight of the vehicle, the type of registration (new or renewal), and any additional fees (such as sales tax). Generally, the registration fee for a passenger vehicle ranges from $26 to $140. Additionally, there may be other fees for things like license plates, title certificates, and emissions testing. It is best to check the official website of the New York Department of Motor Vehicles for the most accurate and up-to-date information on registration costs.
How do I register my car online in NY?
To register your car online in NY, you need to visit the New York DMV website. You will need to create an account and follow the instructions for online vehicle registration. Make sure you have the necessary documents and information, such as proof of ownership, insurance, and a valid driver’s license.