Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

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By Mark Webber

Are you in Michigan and looking for a convenient way to buy a car? Look no further!

In this blog post, we are going to introduce you to the world of “Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships. ” If you’re unfamiliar with the concept, Buy Here Pay Here (BHPH) dealerships offer financing directly to car buyers, eliminating the need for a third-party lender. This option is especially beneficial for individuals with bad credit or no credit history.

So, whether you’re in Detroit, Grand Rapids, or anywhere else in Michigan, we’ll guide you through the process of finding the perfect BHPH dealership that suits your needs.

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Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

This article will provide an in-depth understanding of Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships. It will explore the concept of “buy here pay here” and how it differs from traditional used car dealerships. The article will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of this financing option, as well as the specific regulations and requirements for Michigan-based dealerships.

Additionally, it will provide tips and insights for potential car buyers who are considering purchasing from a Buy Here Pay Here dealership in Michigan.

Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

Overview of Buy Here Pay Here Dealerships in Michigan

If you’re looking for a car and have less than stellar credit, Buy Here Pay Here (BHPH) car dealerships in Michigan could be the answer you’ve been searching for. These speciality dealerships offer financing directly to consumers with bad credit or no credit, without having to go through a traditional bank or lending institution.

With a BHPH dealership, you have the convenience of buying and financing a car in one place, making it easier to get back on the road and rebuild your credit. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at BHPH car dealerships in Michigan and why they may be a good option for you.

Definition of Buy Here Pay Here (BHPH) dealerships

Buy Here Pay Here (BHPH) dealerships are a unique type of car dealership that offer financing directly to consumers. Unlike traditional dealerships, BHPH dealerships do not rely on third-party lenders or banks to provide financing.

Instead, they finance the vehicle sales themselves. This means that even if you have bad credit or no credit, you can still get a car loan at a BHPH dealership. In Michigan, there are several BHPH dealerships that cater to individuals who may have struggled with credit in the past.

These dealerships understand that everyone deserves a second chance and offer flexible financing options to help customers get back on track.

Advantages and disadvantages of BHPH dealerships

There are both advantages and disadvantages to buying from a BHPH dealership. One advantage is that they are often more lenient with credit requirements compared to traditional lenders.

This makes it easier for those with bad credit or no credit to secure financing for a vehicle. Another advantage is the convenience factor. BHPH dealerships typically handle all aspects of the car buying process in-house, from financing to vehicle selection.

This streamlines the process and allows buyers to purchase a car in one place. However, there are also some disadvantages to consider.

BHPH dealerships often charge higher interest rates compared to traditional lenders due to the increased risk they take on by financing individuals with poor credit. This can result in higher monthly payments and a more expensive overall loan. Additionally, BHPH dealerships may have a limited inventory compared to traditional dealerships.

They typically specialize in used cars and may not have as many options to choose from. Overall, BHPH dealerships can be a great option for individuals who have struggled with credit but still need a reliable vehicle.

It is important to carefully consider the terms and conditions of the loan before making a final decision.

Rise in popularity of BHPH dealerships in Michigan

There has been a rise in popularity of BHPH dealerships in Michigan. These dealerships offer a convenient and flexible option for individuals who may have struggled with credit in the past. With more lenient credit requirements, BHPH dealerships make it easier for those with bad credit or no credit to secure financing for a vehicle.

Additionally, the convenience factor is a major draw for buyers. BHPH dealerships handle all aspects of the car buying process in-house, from financing to vehicle selection, making it a one-stop shop for car purchasing.

However, it is important to keep in mind that BHPH dealerships often charge higher interest rates compared to traditional lenders due to the increased risk they take on. This can result in higher monthly payments and a more expensive overall loan.

It is crucial for buyers to carefully review the terms and conditions of the loan before making a final decision. Despite these considerations, BHPH dealerships remain a popular choice in Michigan for individuals looking to purchase a reliable vehicle despite credit challenges.

Benefits of Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

One of the main benefits of buy here pay here car dealerships in Michigan is that they offer a convenient and flexible financing option for individuals with poor credit or no credit history. These dealerships have more lenient credit requirements and are willing to work with buyers who have had difficulties securing financing through traditional lenders. This allows individuals to get the transportation they need without the stress and frustration of being denied by banks or other financial institutions.

Another major advantage of buy here pay here car dealerships is that they handle all aspects of the car buying process in-house. This means that buyers can select, finance, and drive home in their new vehicle all in one place.

There is no need to visit multiple locations or deal with multiple parties to complete the purchase. This convenience factor is a significant draw for buyers who value simplicity and efficiency.

However, it is important for buyers to be aware that buy here pay here car dealerships often charge higher interest rates compared to traditional lenders. This is due to the higher risk they take on by providing financing to individuals with less-than-perfect credit. While this may result in higher monthly payments and a more expensive overall loan, it is a trade-off that many buyers are willing to make in order to secure the financing they need.

In conclusion, buy here pay here car dealerships have become increasingly popular in Michigan due to their flexibility, convenience, and willingness to work with buyers who have poor credit or no credit history. While there are some potential drawbacks, such as higher interest rates, these dealerships provide a valuable solution for individuals looking to purchase a reliable vehicle despite credit challenges.

No credit check and flexibility in financing

Benefits of Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

One of the main benefits of buy here pay here car dealerships in Michigan is that they offer a convenient and flexible financing option for individuals with poor credit or no credit history. These dealerships have more lenient credit requirements and are willing to work with buyers who have had difficulties securing financing through traditional lenders. This allows individuals to get the transportation they need without the stress and frustration of being denied by banks or other financial institutions.

Another major advantage of buy here pay here car dealerships is that they handle all aspects of the car buying process in-house. This means that buyers can select, finance, and drive home in their new vehicle all in one place.

There is no need to visit multiple locations or deal with multiple parties to complete the purchase. This convenience factor is a significant draw for buyers who value simplicity and efficiency. However, it is important for buyers to be aware that buy here pay here car dealerships often charge higher interest rates compared to traditional lenders.

This is due to the higher risk they take on by providing financing to individuals with less-than-perfect credit. While this may result in higher monthly payments and a more expensive overall loan, it is a trade-off that many buyers are willing to make in order to secure the financing they need.

In conclusion, buy here pay here car dealerships have become increasingly popular in Michigan due to their flexibility, convenience, and willingness to work with buyers who have poor credit or no credit history. While there are some potential drawbacks, such as higher interest rates, these dealerships provide a valuable solution for individuals looking to purchase a reliable vehicle despite credit challenges.

Easy approval process and quick car purchase

Michigan buy here pay here car dealerships offer a convenient and flexible financing option for individuals with poor credit or no credit history. These dealerships have more lenient credit requirements and are willing to work with buyers who have had difficulties securing financing through traditional lenders. This allows individuals to get the transportation they need without the stress and frustration of being denied by banks or other financial institutions.

Additionally, buy here pay here dealerships handle all aspects of the car buying process in-house, allowing buyers to select, finance, and drive home in their new vehicle all in one place. While these dealerships may charge higher interest rates, they provide a valuable solution for individuals looking to purchase a reliable vehicle despite credit challenges.

Improve credit score through regular payments

By making regular payments on their vehicle loans from buy here pay here dealerships, Michigan residents have an opportunity to improve their credit scores. Since these dealerships report payment activity to the credit bureaus, responsible borrowers can see their credit scores gradually increase over time.

This allows them to qualify for better financing options and improve their overall financial standing. With the accessibility and convenience of buy here pay here car dealerships in Michigan, individuals can take steps towards building a better future while enjoying the transportation they need in the present.

Factors to Consider When Choosing a Buy Here Pay Here Dealership in Michigan

Choosing the right buy here pay here dealership in Michigan is crucial for a positive car buying experience. It is important to consider factors such as the dealership’s reputation, customer reviews, and the quality of the vehicles they offer.

Additionally, potential buyers should evaluate the dealership’s interest rates, terms, and conditions to ensure that they are favorable and affordable. By conducting careful research and comparing different options, Michigan residents can find a reputable buy here pay here dealership that aligns with their needs and goals.

Reputation and customer reviews

When choosing a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, one of the first factors to consider is the dealership’s reputation and customer reviews. This information can provide valuable insights into the dealership’s reliability, customer service, and overall satisfaction levels.

By reading reviews from previous customers, potential buyers can get an idea of what to expect when working with a particular dealership. Additionally, researching the dealership’s reputation can help identify any potential red flags or issues to be aware of before making a purchase.

Vehicle quality

Another important factor to consider when choosing a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan is the quality of the vehicles they offer.

It is essential to ensure that the dealership has a wide selection of reliable, well-maintained vehicles that are suitable for your needs and preferences. By inspecting the vehicles, asking for maintenance records, and perhaps even taking a test drive, you can assess the quality and condition of the cars offered by the dealership.

Interest rates, terms, and conditions

The financial aspect of buying a car is equally crucial when choosing a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan. Potential buyers should carefully evaluate the dealership’s interest rates, terms, and conditions. It is important to ensure that the rates are fair and competitive, and that the terms and conditions of the financing are reasonable and flexible.

By doing so, buyers can secure financing options that are affordable and manageable for their specific financial situation. In conclusion, choosing the right buy here pay here dealership in Michigan involves considering factors such as reputation, customer reviews, vehicle quality, and financing options. By thoroughly researching and comparing different dealerships, potential buyers can find a reputable dealership that meets their needs and provides a positive car buying experience.

Range of vehicles available

When looking for a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, it is important to consider the range of vehicles available. A good dealership should have a diverse inventory that caters to different preferences and budgets.

Whether you’re looking for a compact car, an SUV, or a truck, the dealership should have options for you to choose from. Additionally, the dealership should regularly update their inventory to ensure that they have the latest models and well-maintained vehicles. By choosing a dealership with a wide range of vehicles, you increase your chances of finding the perfect car that fits your needs and lifestyle.

Interest rates and payment options

Range of vehicles available

When looking for a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, it is important to consider the range of vehicles available. A good dealership should have a diverse inventory that caters to different preferences and budgets.

Whether you’re looking for a compact car, an SUV, or a truck, the dealership should have options for you to choose from. Additionally, the dealership should regularly update their inventory to ensure that they have the latest models and well-maintained vehicles. By choosing a dealership with a wide range of vehicles, you increase your chances of finding the perfect car that fits your needs and lifestyle.

Interest rates and payment options

The interest rates and payment options offered by a Michigan buy here pay here dealership are crucial factors to consider. These types of dealerships typically provide financing options for customers with poor credit. However, it’s important to compare the interest rates and payment terms offered by different dealerships to ensure you’re getting a fair deal.

Some dealerships may offer flexible repayment options, such as weekly or bi-weekly payments, that can make it easier to manage your finances. Additionally, check if the dealership reports your payments to credit bureaus, as this can help improve your credit score over time.

By carefully considering the interest rates and payment options, you can choose a dealership that aligns with your financial goals and helps you rebuild your credit.

How to Finance a Car from a Buy Here Pay Here Dealership in Michigan

When it comes to financing a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, there are a few steps you can take to ensure a smooth process. First, it’s important to gather all necessary documents, such as proof of income, proof of residency, and a valid driver’s license. These documents will typically be required by the dealership to verify your eligibility for financing.

Next, you’ll want to set a budget for yourself and determine how much you can comfortably afford to spend on a monthly car payment. Keep in mind that buy here pay here dealerships often charge higher interest rates due to the increased risk they take on by offering financing to customers with poor credit.

It’s important to factor in the interest costs and choose a payment plan that fits within your budget. Once you’ve chosen a dealership and selected a vehicle, carefully review the terms and conditions of the financing agreement.

Ask any questions you may have and make sure you fully understand the repayment terms, including the interest rate, payment schedule, and any fees or penalties. Finally, before signing any paperwork, take the time to research and read reviews about the dealership you’re considering. Look for a reputable dealership with positive customer feedback to ensure a trustworthy and reliable experience.

By following these steps and being well-informed, you can successfully finance a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan. Don’t let poor credit hold you back from getting the car you need – with the right dealership, you can get back on the road and start rebuilding your credit.

Down payment requirements

When financing a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, it’s important to be aware of the down payment requirements. Most buy here pay here dealerships in Michigan will require a down payment, which is typically a percentage of the total cost of the vehicle.

The specific amount will vary depending on factors such as your credit history and the price of the car you are interested in purchasing. It’s important to budget for this down payment and ensure that you have the necessary funds available before visiting a dealership. This will help streamline the financing process and increase your chances of approval.

Loan terms and interest rates

When it comes to loan terms and interest rates, buy here pay here car dealerships in Michigan may have different offerings compared to traditional lenders. Since they are taking on higher-risk borrowers, they typically charge higher interest rates.

Loan terms may also be shorter, typically ranging from 36 to 60 months. It’s important to carefully review and understand the terms and conditions of any loan agreement before signing. Make sure the interest rate and monthly payments are affordable for your budget.

Keep in mind that successfully repaying a loan from a buy here pay here dealership could help improve your credit score over time.

Vehicle selection and quality

One advantage of buying from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan is the wide selection of vehicles available. These dealerships often carry a diverse inventory, ranging from economy cars to SUVs and trucks.

However, it’s important to carefully inspect the vehicle you are interested in before making a purchase. While buy here pay here dealerships ensure that all their vehicles undergo a thorough inspection, it’s still a good idea to get a second opinion from a trusted mechanic.

Remember, you are responsible for any repairs or maintenance once you drive the car off the lot. In conclusion, if you’re in Michigan and in need of a car but have bad credit or no credit, a buy here pay here dealership may be a viable option. Just be sure to budget for the down payment, carefully review loan terms, and thoroughly inspect the vehicle before making a final decision.

With the right approach, you can drive away in a quality car while also working toward improving your credit score.

Importance of budgeting for payments

Loan terms and interest rates

When it comes to loan terms and interest rates, buy here pay here car dealerships in Michigan may have different offerings compared to traditional lenders. Since they are taking on higher-risk borrowers, they typically charge higher interest rates. Loan terms may also be shorter, typically ranging from 36 to 60 months.

It’s important to carefully review and understand the terms and conditions of any loan agreement before signing. Make sure the interest rate and monthly payments are affordable for your budget.

Keep in mind that successfully repaying a loan from a buy here pay here dealership could help improve your credit score over time.

Vehicle selection and quality

One advantage of buying from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan is the wide selection of vehicles available.

These dealerships often carry a diverse inventory, ranging from economy cars to SUVs and trucks. However, it’s important to carefully inspect the vehicle you are interested in before making a purchase. While buy here pay here dealerships ensure that all their vehicles undergo a thorough inspection, it’s still a good idea to get a second opinion from a trusted mechanic.

Remember, you are responsible for any repairs or maintenance once you drive the car off the lot. In conclusion, if you’re in Michigan and in need of a car but have bad credit or no credit, a buy here pay here dealership may be a viable option.

Just be sure to budget for the down payment, carefully review loan terms, and thoroughly inspect the vehicle before making a final decision. With the right approach, you can drive away in a quality car while also working toward improving your credit score.

Importance of budgeting for payments

Tips for Successful Car Buying Experience at a Buy Here Pay Here Dealership

When it comes to purchasing a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, there are a few key factors to consider. One important aspect is budgeting for the monthly payments. Since these dealerships cater to individuals with bad credit or no credit, the loan terms and interest rates may differ from those offered by traditional lenders.

It’s crucial to carefully review the terms and conditions of the loan agreement to ensure that the interest rate and monthly payments fit within your budget. Additionally, successfully repaying a loan from a buy here pay here dealership can help improve your credit score over time.

Another advantage of buying from a buy here pay here dealership is the wide selection of vehicles available. From economy cars to SUVs and trucks, these dealerships often have a diverse inventory to choose from. However, it’s essential to thoroughly inspect the vehicle you are interested in before finalizing the purchase.

While buy here pay here dealerships ensure that their vehicles undergo a thorough inspection, getting a second opinion from a trusted mechanic is still recommended. It’s also important to keep in mind that once you drive the car off the lot, you are responsible for any repairs or maintenance.

In conclusion, if you’re in Michigan and in need of a car with bad credit or no credit, a buy here pay here dealership can be a viable option. By budgeting for payments, carefully reviewing loan terms, and inspecting the vehicle before purchase, you can have a successful car buying experience while also working towards improving your credit score.

Understand the terms and conditions of the deal

Understanding the terms and conditions of the deal is crucial when buying a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan. These dealerships cater to individuals with bad credit or no credit, which means the loan terms and interest rates may be different from traditional lenders.

It’s important to carefully review the loan agreement to ensure that the interest rate and monthly payments fit within your budget. By understanding the terms and conditions of the deal, you can make an informed decision and avoid any surprises down the road.

Get a vehicle history report

Before purchasing a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, it is recommended to obtain a vehicle history report. This report will provide you with important information about the car’s previous ownership, accident history, and maintenance records.

By reviewing the vehicle history report, you can ensure that you are purchasing a reliable and well-maintained car.

This will give you peace of mind and confidence in your purchase.

Consider the payment options

When buying a car from a buy here pay here dealership in Michigan, it’s important to consider the payment options available to you.

These dealerships typically offer in-house financing, which means you can make your payments directly to the dealership.

It’s important to understand the payment schedule and choose an option that aligns with your financial situation.

By carefully considering the payment options, you can ensure that you can afford the monthly payments and avoid any potential issues in the future.

Research the dealership’s reputation

Before finalizing your purchase, it’s essential to research the reputation of the buy here pay here dealership in Michigan. Look for online reviews and testimonials to get an idea of other customers’ experiences with the dealership.

A reputable dealership will have positive reviews and a good track record of customer satisfaction. On the other hand, if a dealership has a lot of negative reviews or complaints, it’s a red flag that you should proceed with caution.

By doing your due diligence and researching the dealership’s reputation, you can ensure that you are working with a trustworthy and reliable establishment.

Test drive and inspect the car before purchasing

Before making a purchase at a buy here pay here car dealership in Michigan, it is critical to test drive and thoroughly inspect the vehicle. A test drive will allow you to assess the car’s performance, handling, and comfort. Additionally, you should inspect the car both inside and out to check for any signs of damage or mechanical issues.

Pay close attention to the condition of the tires, brakes, engine, and suspension. If possible, have a trusted mechanic inspect the car to ensure that it is in good working condition.

By taking the time to test drive and inspect the car, you can make an informed decision and avoid any surprises after purchase.

The Future of Buy Here Pay Here Dealerships in Michigan

The future of buy here pay here car dealerships in Michigan looks promising. These types of dealerships provide a valuable service to individuals with less than perfect credit who are in need of reliable transportation.

With the convenience of on-site financing and a wide selection of vehicles to choose from, buy here pay here dealerships are a popular option for many car buyers in the state. As the economy continues to recover and people strive to rebuild their credit, the demand for these dealerships is likely to increase. Additionally, advancements in technology and online platforms may make the car buying process even more streamlined for customers in the future.

Overall, buy here pay here car dealerships are poised to continue serving the needs of Michigan residents for years to come.

Changes in the auto industry and impact on BHPH dealerships

The ongoing changes in the auto industry have had an impact on buy here pay here (BHPH) dealerships in Michigan. Advances in technology have made it easier for customers to compare prices, research vehicle history, and even complete the car buying process online.

This has led to increased competition for BHPH dealerships, as customers now have more options available to them. However, BHPH dealerships still offer a unique advantage for customers with poor credit. Traditional dealerships often require good credit scores and larger down payments, making it difficult for those with financial challenges to secure a car loan.

BHPH dealerships, on the other hand, offer on-site financing that is more accessible to individuals with less than perfect credit. In addition, BHPH dealerships provide an opportunity for these customers to rebuild their credit. By making timely payments on their vehicle, individuals can demonstrate their ability to handle financial responsibilities.

This can ultimately lead to improved credit scores and better financing options in the future. Overall, while BHPH dealerships may face increasing competition, their valuable service of providing accessible and affordable transportation to individuals with poor credit will ensure their continued relevance in the Michigan auto industry.

Technological advancements in car financing

In recent years, technological advancements have made significant changes to the way car financing is handled. This has also affected Michigan buy here pay here (BHPH) dealerships. With the rise of online car buying, customers now have the ability to compare prices, research vehicle history, and even complete the entire buying process online.

This shift in consumer behavior has created increased competition for BHPH dealerships. Customers now have more options available to them, making it more challenging for BHPH dealerships to attract and retain customers.

However, BHPH dealerships still offer a unique advantage for those with poor credit. Traditional dealerships often require good credit scores and larger down payments, which can be a roadblock for individuals facing financial challenges.

BHPH dealerships, on the other hand, offer on-site financing that is more accessible to individuals with less than perfect credit. They provide an opportunity for these customers to secure a car loan and rebuild their credit. By making timely payments on their vehicle, individuals can demonstrate their ability to handle financial responsibilities, leading to improved credit scores and better financing options in the future.

Despite increasing competition, BHPH dealerships in Michigan will continue to be relevant in the auto industry by providing accessible and affordable transportation to individuals with poor credit.

Potential competition from online car sellers

In recent years, technological advancements have revolutionized the car financing industry, including the operations of Michigan buy here pay here (BHPH) dealerships. The rise of online car buying has given customers the power to compare prices, research vehicle history, and even complete the entire buying process from the comfort of their homes. This change in consumer behavior has intensified competition for BHPH dealerships as customers now have more options available to them.

However, BHPH dealerships still have a unique advantage in serving individuals with poor credit. Traditional dealerships often require good credit scores and larger down payments, which can be an obstacle for those facing financial challenges.

BHPH dealerships offer on-site financing that is more accessible to individuals with imperfect credit. This gives them an opportunity to secure a car loan and rebuild their credit.

By making timely payments on their vehicle, individuals can demonstrate their financial responsibility, leading to improved credit scores and better financing options in the future. Despite the growing competition, BHPH dealerships in Michigan will remain relevant in the auto industry by providing accessible and affordable transportation to individuals with poor credit.

Conclusion of Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

Michigan is home to numerous Buy Here Pay Here car dealerships, providing an excellent option for those with poor credit or limited financing options. These dealerships offer the convenience of on-site financing, allowing buyers to find and finance a vehicle all in one place.

With the availability of Buy Here Pay Here dealerships in Michigan, individuals can still find reliable transportation and work towards rebuilding their credit.

FAQ’s of Michigan Buy Here Pay Here Car Dealerships

Who is the largest car dealer in Michigan?

As of now, the largest car dealer in Michigan is DeNooyer Chevrolet.

What is the number one Ford dealership in Michigan?

It is difficult to determine the exact number one Ford dealership in Michigan as rankings can vary depending on factors such as sales volume, customer satisfaction, and various industry assessments. However, notable Ford dealerships in Michigan include Suburban Ford of Sterling Heights, Bob Maxey Ford of Howell, and Hines Park Ford in New Hudson.

What is the highest volume Ford dealer in the Midwest?

The highest volume Ford dealer in the Midwest is not specified as the question does not provide that information.

How do you get a dealers license in Michigan?

To obtain a dealer’s license in Michigan, you need to meet the required criteria and follow the necessary steps. Firstly, you must have an established place of business for buying, selling, or dealing in vehicles. Next, you need to complete an Application for Michigan Vehicle Dealer License, available from the Michigan Secretary of State (SOS) website. Along with the application, you must submit supporting documents such as a criminal background check, zoning approval, lease or proof of ownership for your place of business, and a $75 application fee. Additionally, you need to provide proof of commercial liability insurance and complete a dealer training program. Once the application is submitted, the SOS will review it, conduct an investigation, and if approved, grant you a dealer’s license.

Who needs a dealer license in Michigan?

In Michigan, anyone who intends to buy, sell, or lease motor vehicles to the public as a profit-making business, or anyone who buys, sells, or leases more than five vehicles in a 12-month period, needs a dealer license. This includes individuals, partnerships, corporations, or any other business entities.

Who is the number one Ford dealer in the world?

As an AI language model, I don’t have real-time data or the ability to search the internet. Therefore, I cannot provide you with the current information on who the number one Ford dealer in the world is. The ranking of the top Ford dealers may change over time depending on various factors such as sales figures, market trends, and other variables. I recommend checking official Ford reports, industry publications, or conducting an online search for the most up-to-date information on this topic.

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